~ 45 ROYAL MARINE COMMANDO ~

NORTH AFRICA & SICILY

Background

On 6 November 1939, Enos ‘Eddie’ Fellows was conscripted to HMS Royal Arthur then HMS Drake training centres. He served on HMS  Carinthia, a converted Cunard luxury liner, between February and June 1940 mainly on 'Contraband Control' in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean. This ship was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine in June 1940. After further service onshore, he joined HMS Tartar, a tribal class destroyer, between September 1940 and April 1942, carrying out Russian convoy duties to Murmansk and Archangel followed by  service to Iceland and the Lofoten Islands raid. He was involved in the the sinking of the pocket battleships 'Bismark' and 'Scharnhorst'. During the action HMS Tartar sustained damage and was decommissioned on the Clyde.

Enos then returned to barracks in Devonport. For many, these actions would have been enough excitement and danger to last a lifetime but, after a week back there, he "... would have volunteered for anything, to get out of that lot" and so it was at the age of 23 he signed up for the vaguely described 'hazardous service' and commenced commando training in Scotland and England. The story continues..

Hazardous Training

We were kitted out at Devonport and then boarded a train from a railway siding that came into the base. For security reasons all the train doors were locked. Ahead of us lay a 500 mile journey to Gourock in Scotland and then on to HMS Copra at Largs on the Ayrshire coast of the River Clyde.

On or about the 21st August 1942 we crossed the River Clyde by ferry to H.M.S. Armadillo a formation and training base for RN Beach Commandos located close by Ardentinny. This was where our strenuous commando training began and which was to become 3 Commando’s base.

Day in and day out for several weeks we were deposited on the other side of a nearby mountain and told to get back to camp the best way we could. The mountain itself was not too high, most in the area being below 1000 metres, but at a latitude of around 55 degrees north it was rough, featureless and hazardous countryside especially in the winter months when the snow often drifted to a depth of 2 metres. We thought it was great in the summer months but in winter the going was tough as we struggled through the snow drifts up to our chests. [Click on photo to enlarge].

In the training area the landscape was reminiscent of some Norwegian fjiords. We were often up to our waists when crossing icy streams - I more than most because I was the smallest on the course. We all got soaked through on the assault courses as we practiced landing on beaches from landing craft that were often anchored some distance from the beaches. It was no more than we could expect when we landed on beaches defended by a determined enemy so the training had to be realistic.

At some point we were split into 3 Troops (A, B & C ) and I was allocated to C Troop. In a typical practice landing one division would go ashore in advance to play the role of the Beach Commando while the other two were in LCAs as the landing force. Bearing in mind that our purpose was to ensure the most efficient transit of men, armaments, supplies and vehicles across the beaches, we erected signs, with lights, on the beaches to help achieve this - yellow for wheeled vehicles and red for tracked vehicles. This was followed by training in the movement of vehicles across the beaches onto their designated roads. When LCTs or LCAs came ashore with their cargoes we directed bren-carriers and similar trucks across the beach to their pre-determined routes. The procedures for handling food and ammunition lorries were different. Their carrying craft were unloaded and their cargoes stacked up at the back of the beach in order to keep the roads clear for other more urgent traffic. During training for this work we had to achieve each stage in the process in a given time. With practice we did achieve the challenging  targets.

We also practiced procedures to reinforce the surface of the beaches with wire mesh and railway sleepers for heavy tracked vehicles. This was work normally undertaken by the Engineers but we were trained in case the engineers were not available. It was heavy back breaking work but we took it in our stride. I was also trained to swim underwater to ‘recce’ for rocks and other submerged vehicle traps and to mark their position with warning signs.

Further training in demolition was next on the training schedule. It was based at an army camp attached to HMS Dundonald and involved the  felling of trees using explosive charges including hand grenades. The most common technique was to wrap the explosive, which was in the form of a thick tape or bandage, around the tree trunk, twice in the case of  trees with a large girth. We then set the fuses and fired - which felled the tree.

This was followed by training in unarmed combat except for the use of the famous Commando knife. I learned how to creep up on a sentry in woods by walking backwards and making some noise. This deceived our sentry during training exercises who swore he could hear us walking forward, away from him. We learned how to kill the enemy quietly with an arm round the throat to throttle them and to stab them in the back or lungs under the rib-cage. This may sound gruesome today but back in the war it was a question of survival.

It was no surprise that the training also included driving anything that was likely to cross over the beaches we, as Beach Commandos, controlled. This included everything from motorbikes to Churchill Tanks. There was a high probability that some drivers would be injured or killed and it was vital to the whole operation that their vehicles cleared the beaches without holding up following traffic.

It seemed our training would never be completed as we made our way from Ardentinny to Dartmoor for assault training. This training would equip us to land on beaches and overcome natural and manmade obstacles such as cliffs, deep gullies and high walls. The training took place at an old army camp with a rough assault course and included climbing ropes up a cliff-wall, slinging them over the far side and, hand over fist, down again. Another challenge was to crawl under a heavy net, strung up about half a metre above the ground, with full equipment and rucksack weighing about 50 kilos. Such assault training would not have been complete without a pulley and steel cable strung out over water at some considerable height. If you lost your grip during the rapid decent you ended up in the water below.

Small arms training using a variety of guns such as Tommy guns, revolvers and Lewis guns was a staple throughout our training. We were also introduced to signals using flags and Morse Code using lamps. The acid test was to signal from a tower or church to someone a half-mile away. Speed was essential and some, including me, did not make the grade.

About Xmas 1942 number 3 RN Commando moved to H.M.S. Dundonald, near Troon for more amphibious training in the handling of landing craft. We also visited firing ranges to improve our skills with revolvers, rifles, Tommy guns, Lewis guns. I was issued with a Tommy gun and a revolver. During this period the Army transported us to an assault course twice a day which many of us enjoyed to the point where we joined these excursions whenever possible.

As we acquired more skills we returned to HMS Armadillo, for further training but now with full back packs together with weapons, hand grenades and a commando knife (but no ammunition). For a couple of months, we made amphibious landings on beaches all around the Western Isles. I was appointed ‘Beachmaster’s Bodyguard’ for Lt. Cmdr. Richardson. A sub lieutenant and two others went ashore to find an opening or road through the beachhead and to mark it with a lamp facing the sea. Then the remainder of the Commandos were brought in to ‘recce’ the beaches for obstacles, etc. The beach master then signalled the assault troops, the tank landing craft and other vehicles to make for to their appointed lights which had been rigged up earlier. These ‘mock landings’ went on night and day for weeks.

Our training came to a sudden end when 3 Commando were told to pack up their gear and board a ‘lighter’ with only an hour’s notice. There was no hint as to our destination although most of us thought it could be ‘the real thing’. The next day we found ourselves at Castle Howard in Yorkshire which was a US marine base where we were to stay for a few weeks. We did mock landings like before on the lake in the grounds with the Americans’ as ‘assault troops’. To replicate the landing conditions we were likely to experience live ammunition was used to strafe the landing beaches Some bullets ricocheted  around  and although no injuries were reported  it was a bit ‘dodgy’since machine guns as well as rifles were used. We were fit and we were told we could be making a landing in Norway, in conditions like this."

The invasion of North Africa

Our uniform comprised army battle dress with a navy blue hat, ammunition pouches and webbing. (see photo17) The ‘Beachmaster’ was Lt. Commander RC Richardson of the Navy and I was his bodyguard and accompanied him everywhere. He was much respected by all. I carried a Tommy gun, revolver and commando knife and each ‘Special Service Commando Brigade’ was divided into three troops each of about 40 men.

We arrived off North Africa on the ‘Monarch of Bermuda’ at a place called Moda Zar Bir. They piped C Commando to muster on the boat deck while it was ‘black dark’. With our full kit, we lined up on deck and transferred to landing craft and headed for the shore. It was the 18^th October 1942 and the British Commandos, including Commando troops C1, 2 and 3 landed first closely followed by the American Assault Troops.

The Germans (Rommel’s troops) were caught unawares by our arrival and only one shot was fired by one of our group in error. There was little or no opposition from the Axis forces at that time. We erected signs on the beach to separate and direct traffic with the objective of avoiding bottle necks and congestion. When this was done we brought the US Assault troops ashore while signalling their supporting vehicles to their designated routes across the beaches and on to the road network beyond. We then signalled for the heavy armaments but the first American vehicle ashore was their ‘Ice Cream & Coffee Pot’ vehicle! It came in very handy and I soon acquired a taste for hot dogs and coffee!

We got the other armoured vehicles ashore- one snag however, we received a signal from an officer stating that a craft called a ‘Maracaibo’ was next. It was a shallow draught ship that had its bows cut and replaced by ramps. These craft were capable of carrying two LCMs (Mark 1) or 22 X 25-ton tanks or 18 X 30-ton tanks or 33 X 3-ton vehicles. There was also accommodation for 210 troops. Such was the amount of traffic emerging from the interior that it was easy to imagine half the American Army was aboard! There were tanks, bren gun carriers, heavy vehicles with big chains for clearing mines, etc. It was a marvellous craft! Having successfully disembarked all the troops and gear ashore more battalions arrived on LCAs.

We were the only British forces to land there and we were instructed to stay on the beaches to keep them clear. The rest of the Allied troops proceeded inland, eventually pushing back Rommel’s troops towards the beaches where they were sandwiched between Montgomery's forces in the east and Eisenhower's forces in the west. We remained on the beaches for about three weeks after which we travelled to Alexandria by army trucks and then by train to Port Said. Around mid December 1942 we returned to Greenock on a Dutch ship and later transferred to Ardentinny Commando Camp for normal training. Meantime landing craft involved in the initial landings were sent back to England to bring more troops.

The Sicily Landings

Around late June 1943 we travelled by train from Ardentinny to Liverpool and embarked on an LCA/troop carrier. The LCA carried 6 landing craft and 1000 troops. Each craft could carry around 30 men so each would make around 6 trips to disembark all the men. The landing craft were on davits (like lifeboats on modern sips) ready to be lowered into the water at our final destination. We headed south on a now familiar route across the Bay of Biscay. We called at Casablanca for a couple of days but were not allowed ashore. After steaming west out of Casablanca for a couple of days we turned about and entered the Mediterranean at Gibraltar. We linked up with 20-odd big troop carriers and headed for Sicily. [Click map to enlarge].

It was early July 1943 when C3 commando were piped on deck at dawn. There was heavy gunfire from our big ships all firing at Sicily. Hundreds of gliders were coming in to land on the Sicily beaches but some misjudged their landing zones and ended up in the sea. We lined up into 3 sectors as before and climbed into our landing craft, approximately 30 men carrying small arms equipment. The next morning at about 4 a.m. three LCAs were lowered with a Beach master and 6 ratings in each. The beach was about an hour away at about 3knots. We felt exposed and vulnerable and the time dragged. It seemed more like three days!. We beached, the ramp was lowered and we disembarked into the unknown. It was a nightmare but, in the event not a single shot was fired at us in anger.

However, we could hear gunfire from German defensive positions inshore. It was not directed at us but we were in the line of fire as the Germans strafed the area with what was known as ‘rough gunfire'. With the last of the shells fired from our ships onto the landing beaches we reconnoitred the beaches, rigged up lamps, and signalled the troops in, as we had been trained to do. A converted merchant ship beached and its bows opened up. We were amazed to see that a mobile coffee bar was first out which we put to one side for our break. Next out came the tanks, Bren gun carriers and other vehicles of war. This was our first taste of real action!

We did not have time to put up any signs, due to ‘rough gunfire (note4) but we could see gliders coming in to land over our heads towards the back of the beaches. Some immediately came under enemy fire. We then did a further ‘recce’(note3) at the back of the beaches to ensure clear pathways off the beaches and then signalled the next assault craft to disembark their human cargoes.

What happened next remains one of the most memorable and emotional events I witnessed during the war. Amidst all the hazardous activity a Scottish regiment marched ashore in time to the bagpipes! It was a marvellous sight. The Germans were well aware of our presence as the piper led assault troops went up the beaches toward the enemy. I was singing in my mind to the tunes they were playing. It really bucked everyone up.

We set them off on the correct roads and could hear the sound of incessant gunfire in their direction. When dawn broke we could clearly see all the LCA carriers and troop ships, at anchor in the bay off our British sector. As our troops moved inland things quietened down a bit but our ships were still shelling the shoreline while LCAs were coming in with fresh troops and going out with the injured. German planes came across and strafed the beaches with machine guns at regular intervals.

We took some Italian prisoners and put them to work digging a hole in the sand over which they placed armour plating to form our own air-raid shelter. Our troops built a compound to keep the prisoners in and we rounded them up (2/300 approx. on our beach alone) and were given responsibility to guard them. They were very docile and didn’t take much guarding. They were later transported by an LCA to a troop ship for an unknown destination.

We went swimming during daylight. The water was so clear that we could spin sixpenny coins out and then dive 6 metres to the sea bed to recover them. However, a week or so later, we saw floating dead bodies, some probably from crashed gliders, in the sea. That finished me with swimming there! At least half-a-dozen gliders crashed into the sea in our area alone but we couldn’t help them as the German planes were strafing the beaches and we had to take cover in our shelter.

Some of our troops returned to the landing beach after commandeering a train from a nearby railway line. They loaded it up with men, trucks and even tanks and steamed all the way to northern Sicily. It saved the invasion force a lot of time and effort

Around this time a Sikh troop came ashore to provide rearguard gun cover in case the enemy attacked us from the sea They set up their Bofors guns in entrenched positions on the beaches but in doing so they became targets for over-flying German planes. One gun emplacement suffered a direct hit. What a gory mess was left behind. It made me physically sick at the time. Other Sikhs unceremoniously carried away the many body parts for burial near the beaches. This was the reality of war in the raw and the actions of these brave men should not be judged lightly by today's standards. It was a hell of a mess. There would have been about 8 men in this gun crew and two or three men carrying ammunition in from the nearby ammunition dump. They were all killed instantly and would not have suffered.

As the Allied forces drove the Germans inland and deprived them of landing strips enemy planes disappeared from the skies in our area. The beach commander took the opportunity to order a tidy up of the beach which he described as a 'disgrace'. The troops had brought hard tack biscuits, billy cans etc. and some, not surprisingly, had been left behind as they moved across the beaches. He was just giving us something to do! He also ordered me to carry a shell from the beach and to place it on the seabed some distance away. Whether or not it was live was unclear to me but since I'd received a direct order I did his bidding.

As the days passed by we spent our leisure time swimming, sunbathing and eating black grapes we had collected from nearby vineyards. We found out later that the vineyards had been booby trapped when tanks came in with large, heavy chains to explode the booby-traps! Apart from the danger of unexploded ordnance we were at this time living an untroubled life of luxury eating grapes and food from army trucks full of rations left on the beaches. In all we were there about three weeks by which time all the ships had gone except for hospital ships. We assisted in the transportation of injured troops from the beach to the hospital ships and prisoners kept coming in. Later some of our troops returned and they were transported to troop ships by  LCAs for destinations unknown.

So, our beach commander signalled for a landing craft and eventually we went aboard an L.C. Tank (a flat-bottom LCA to carry 3 or 4 tanks). We loaded our gear and all our sector climbed aboard, to go to Grand Harbour, Valletta, Malta- into a hospital for recuperation! It was good grub, nice beds and lots of nurses looking after us. While in Malta we travelled in old Leyland buses but of the experience we said ‘the driver was mad and the roads were bad!'

We totalled about 40 commandos while we were at the hospital and we stayed nearly a fortnight in Malta. We swam on lovely beaches every day living like lords on holiday sunbathing and regular American meals; but then we packed our bags and boarded an LCA for transport to a ship in Valetta's Grand Harbour for the journey to Port Said. From there we travelled by train to Alexandria, a transit camp where our kitbags and hammocks had been dumped. This camp was next door to King Farouk’s Palace where we spent another relaxing week.

At last, we were on our way home on board the HMS Monarch of Bermuda - a luxury liner in peacetime. After arriving back in the UK we were given 14 days leave after which we returned to HMS Armadillo for more training. After the heat of the Mediterranean we found ourselves training in sub zero temperatures, snow and icy water in readiness for possible action in Norway. One day without warning we travelled to a remote army camp 20 miles from even the smallest village where we stayed for three weeks of arduous training. It, was unremitting, night and day, then an assault course which, even as fit as we were, we shuddered at the thought of it. However, after a week all of 3 Commando had it mastered. The Army who had rigged it up thought we couldn’t do it!

From there we went back to our base in Scotland, before being demobbed. My order for release from the Royal Navy was dated 5 December 1945, while I was based at HMS Copra, at Largs, Ayrshire, Scotland.

Acknowledgements

Based on the Recollections of an Able Seaman - A record of the WWII experiences in the Royal Navy of Enos ‘Eddie’ Fellows. Written by his son in law, Gerry D Brewis. The text that appears here was written by Geoff Slee for website presentation and approved by the author before publication.

Communications

I hope you found this extract from Enos ‘Eddie’ Fellows’ biography as interesting to read, as I have done in writing it. If you would like to read more of my father in law's biography click on this link http://enosstory.hostwebs.com/  and if you'd like to provide some additional relevant information or constructive comments please contact me by e-mail clicking on the icon opposite.